How to set vertical spacing in labeling environment

Use xpatch package to reset the \xxxxsep in \labeling environment.

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\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage{xpatch} % Important
\usepackage{lipsum}

% Important
\xpatchcmd{\labeling}
  {\settowidth}
  {\itemsep=0pt\parsep=0pt\topsep=0pt\partopsep=0pt\settowidth}
  {}{}

\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]
\begin{labeling}{}
\item apple,
\item banana,
\item cucumber.
\end{labeling}
\lipsum[2]
\end{document}

Reference